Articulation/Phonology


ASHA (American Speech & Hearing Association) defines articulation as “the atypical production of speech sounds characterized by substitutions, omissions, additions or distortions that may interfere with speech intelligibility”.
A phonological disorder is characterized by predictable, rule-based errors (eg. fronting, stopping and final consonant deletion) that affect more than one sound.

Receptive Language Disorder


A Receptive Language Disorder is one in which a child struggles to understand and process the messages and information that he/she receives from others.

Expressive Language Disorder


An Expressive Language Disorder is one in which the child struggles to get his/her meaning or messages across to others.

Apraxia/Motor Speech Disorders


An Apraxia/Motor Speech Disorder is when a child has difficulty coordinating and sequencing oral movements while speaking.
 

Stuttering/Fluency


Stuttering/Fluency is a speech disorder characterized by repetition of sounds, syllable or words, prolongation of sounds and an interruption of speech known as blocks.

Orofacial Myology Disorders


Orofacial myologist Sandra Holtzman defines orofacial myology as “the study and treatment of oral and facial muscles as they relate to speech, dentition, chewing/bolus collection, swallowing, and overall mental and physical health.” (Sandra R. Holtzman, Orofacial Myology: From Basics to Habituation).

Orofacial Myology Disorders include:

  • Mouth breathing

  • Improper chewing

  • Atypical swallowing

  • Incorrect tongue rest position

  • Oral Habits such as thumb sucking, pacifier use, nail biting, lip licking

  • Tongue tie

  • Tongue thrust

OMD patients that are suspected of having nasal airway issues are referred to an ENT doctor. OMDs can have a negative effect on growth and development of teeth and shape of face. Dental eruption patterns and dental alignment can be disrupted.

Our goal is to work with you and any other professionals including dentists and orthodontists to design the best treatment plan.

Pre-literacy Skills


Pre-literacy skills include vocabulary, print motivation, print awareness, narrative skills, letter knowledge and phonological awareness.
A print rich environment ignites an interest in writing and fosters reading skills.

Presentation skills


Presentation skills are defined as the way one presents himself/herself. For example, body language, eye contact rate of talking.